Use Of Persuasion For Manipulative Purposes Essay

People often use persuasion to get what they want by moving consciousness. This happens by convincing another person to take on a different attitude in their belief system. However, some people use persuasion for manipulative purposes while others use it to give direction and change their reality. 4.1 Persuasion techniques There are various techniques that people use to persuade others. This include; foot-in-the-door technique whereby the persuader starts with a small and easy request with the hope of extending greater requests. It is based on getting a small yes and eventually leading to a bigger yes. Another technique is the door-in-the-face whereby a person makes unreasonable bigger offers with the hope of getting the person to comply with a smaller counteroffer. This technique uses the power of quilt to ensnare a person to accept an offer. Other people create an appealing need as a way of persuading. This is appropriate for the needs of shelter, self-actualization, love, and self-esteem. Further, loaded images and words are also used in addition to the power of reciprocity. 4.2 Characteristics of the persuader, message, audience A good persuader possesses deep knowledge about a subject matter on which they can convince a person. A knowledgeable person is seen by others as a valuable resource while a person who gets his facts wrong is frowned upon and finds it hard to persuade other people. Good persuaders are also good listeners in addition to being trustworthy. PeopleShow MoreRelatedEssay on What Is Really Behind Advertisement1259 Words   |  6 PagesMany people are in the debate whether companies use persuasion or manipulation in their advertisements to get people to buy a certain product. In the Innocent ones advertisement the â€Å"Stop the Abuse† organization shows a picture of a sad, abused little boy. The advertisement only shows half of his face, but the color in his face has been lightened so it has a gray tint. To the right, where the other half of his face should be, there is a stop sign. The stop sign is bright red, and below the stop signRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of `` The Necessary Art Of Persuasion ``750 Words   |  3 PagesIn the article, The Necessary Art of Persuasion, the author, Jay A. Conger, attempts to illustrate to the readers that one must learn and become fluid in the art of persuasion in the business environment. I believe this argument in favor of persuasion is relative now more then ever. In the past persuasion has had a place in sales and marketing. Attempting to use persuasive techniques in other areas of business could have been deemed as devious or manipulative. However, certain aspects of how we doRead MoreThe Art of Persuassion and Speeches Essay1089 Words   |  5 Pagesactivities. In speeches created and presented by Malcolm X you will find similar manipulation and persuasion tactics to have been used. History has been filled with people who practice to master the intricate art of persuasion. The art of persuasion is a skill that not everyone has, however,the â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech by Martin Luther King Jr. and â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† speech by Malcolm X; both exert great use of the skill, and many similar practices were used by Napoleon and Squealer in the book â€Å"AnimalRead MoreJulio Caesar by William Shakespeare Essay884 Words   |  4 PagesComposers build on our perspectives to instil diverse interpretation of events, sit uations and personalities represented through various mediums shaped by their purpose. Thus the representation of conflicting perspectives within their works enables responders to experience a deeper understanding of the world. This is clearly demonstrated in Shakespeare’s tragic play Julius Caesar (1599) and Jason Reitman’s satirical film Thankyou for Smoking (2005). While the Elizabethan context informs Shakespeare’sRead MoreWhat Is Advertising?1110 Words   |  4 Pages2008). It is because buyers are cognitively interpreting information through advertisement faster than wordy notices. The basic purpose of advertising is to identify and differentiate one product from another in order to persuade the consumer to buy that product in preference to another. Besides persuasion, advertising persist to gain information. While, these purposes are distinguishable both very often are simultaneously present. Sound and sight are two key senses of communication which util izedRead MoreNegotiations in an Organizational Culture1556 Words   |  6 Pagesexperts. b.Direct assessment, in bargaining, is where the other party does not typically disclose precise and specific information about the outcome values, resistance points, and expectations. Screening activities speak less. In its place, make use of words to inquire the negotiator. c.Direct action to modify impressions - through careful presentation: (1)Negotiators disclose only the facts essential to hold up their case. (2)Lead the other party to create the desired impression of their resistanceRead MoreTaking a Look at Manipulative Advertising773 Words   |  3 Pagesmarketing fallacies and tricks and it causes many troubles in the community. It has been argued that the reason for using manipulation rather than the information in the advertising world is to achieve the financial purposes in trade. The interests and commercial ambitions are good ways to use manipulation in the exploitation of consumers by traders. One of these goals is profit. Corporate business profitability always seeks the best in product development and spread everywhere, so manufacturers pay hugeRead MoreThe Crucible And Mccarthyism, Communism, And Communism1077 Words   |  5 PagesStaff). Puritans are extremely religious and put God before anyone else. They live restrictively and refrain from sin. Because of that, puritans fear sin. They compass characteristics of honesty, integrity, and faithfulness.  ¨For good purposes,even higher purposes, the people of Salem developed a theocracy, a combine of state and religious power whose function was to keep the community together, and to prevent any kind of disunity that might open it to destruction by m aterial or ideological enemiesRead MoreLanguage of Advertising: Nhs Smoke-Free784 Words   |  4 Pagesdangers of excessive use of health jeopardizing substances such as , drugs, alcohol and cigarettes. Their uses of shock tactics to scare the viewer into giving up their dangerous habit provoke a topic of conversation but are these extreme methods still not enough to get the message across? Over the years, it is apparent that adverts in general have adapted their advertising language by employing extensive methods of persuasion, instead of focusing on their actual product or purpose. Some may rememberRead MoreRhetoric and Betrayal in Julius Caeser Play1486 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s famous play Julius Caesar utilizes the literary element of rhetoric multiple times throughout to show the true power that words can hold. The rhetoric in Caesar accompanies the play’s themes of betrayal, deception, and exaggeration. Brutus uses rhetoric to persuade the crowd of plebeians that the murdering of Caesar was positive and beneficial to all of Rome, winning their support and causing them to join his cause. Soon after, Mark Antony gives a terrifically-persuasive speech that he claims

History Of Home Video Game - 1511 Words

History of Home Video Game Consoles The video game industry has gone through some interesting developments over the past fifty years. Video games are as much of a pass time as watching network television, or going to see a movie. The initial motivation for video game production was to bring interested consumers to the computer market and has evolved into many forms and designs to give the end user an artificial experience of playing table tennis with a friend, or an imaginary friend. This paper will cover the history of video game consoles that were released from 1958 until present day. Home Console Timeline Tennis for Two game is the first video ever created. The game was invented in October 1958 by an American physicist by the name†¦show more content†¦In 1966, while working as an engineer for Sanders Associates, Baer â€Å"scribbled out a four-page description for the ‘game box’ that would allow people to play action, sports and other games on a television set. (Mullis, 2014) Seven prototypes were developed and the first patent was filed in 1971 making it the first video game patent in history. Magnavox was given the license and they developed the Odyssey in 1972 making it the world’s first home video game. During the same year, Atari was launched by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney and Pong was released, becoming the first video game to reach a mainstream audience. In 1976, Coleco released its first console called Telstar and Fairfield Camera Instrument released theirs called Channel F. The Telstar console had games programmed into the hardware and newer models would introduce new game titles and hardware features such as a light gun and color. Channel F was the first console that featured individual cartridges that resembled 8-track audio tapes. Atari released their first cartridge based system in 1977 which was first known as the Video Computer System, later called the Atari 2600. In 1978, Midway Games released Space Invaders, the first game that allowed players to track their highs cores using three letters. Mattel released Intelivision which was â€Å"the first real competitor of the Atari 2600.† (Kudler, n.d.) Atari developed

China’s 1998 Summer Flood Disaster on the Tangtze Free Essays

string(69) " trapped survivors who were waiting to be rescued \(â€Å"YouTube†\)\." Jethro LeRoy Gibbs Ms. Shepherd Honors English 10 24 March 2013 Mighty Hell from the Yangtze China’s 1998 summer floods killed thousands of people, affected billions of people across the globe, left millions homeless, destroyed or damaged millions of homes, affected millions acres of land, and killed billions of dollars in their economic status. One unfortunate factor that played a huge role in the strengthening of the summer floods that China faced and suffered was human neglect (â€Å"Bad Planning†). We will write a custom essay sample on China’s 1998 Summer Flood Disaster on the Tangtze or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, one of the many significant factors that are highly crucial in flood control is the world’s largest power station (â€Å"Three Gorges†) also known as the Three Gorges Dam. Without the Three Gorges Dam capability of controlling the river floods, each summer poses a great threat to those who dwell near the Yangtze and its tributaries. But despite the complications concerning with the yearly river floods, the Yangtze played a significant role in establishing many trade routes for many centuries (Wakeman 492). However, since the early dawn of civilization, the Yangtze River proved to contain some of the deadly summer floods that China will ever experience. The Yangtze is naturally located in the Eastern Lowlands, which also contains most of China’s best farmland. In 1998, a collection of floods of the Yangtze River caused by deforestation, overpopulation, location, and failure to learn past mistakes all resulted in a high number of deaths, millions of homeless people, life-threatening water borne diseases, and the suffrage in the industrial and agricultural status; however, the aid and support of China’s government, the United Nations, China’s army and military, and the unification within the people of China eventually brought a better realization on how the repetition of its summer floods could have been avoided in the first place. In other words, the chaos and suffrage that was endured by the many that were affected by China’s repetition of its collection of summer floods made the government, United Nations and supporting countries, army and the military, and the people much stronger than before, helping China to correct its past mistakes in order to prevent further trouble socially and economically. One crucial fact that one must observed was that the numerous human errors that occurred before the year 1998 and the failure to correct them took part in the summer flood disaster. Deforestation was the first recognizable human error, especially and specifically in the Eastern Lowlands where the valley of the Yangtze River was geologically located (Wakeman 492). Deforestation brought many environmental problems which aided the summer floods of the Yangtze to increase its size and the risk of damage (Lang). This happened due to soil erosion (Lang) and the removal of top soil (Gittings) which resulted from the lack of trees (Lang). Another environmental problem was the lack of firm top soil due to the lack of trees which can create water run-off, especially near a river (Gittings). The bottom line was that deforestation caused the rich top soil to disappear or disperse creating water run-off which in return encouraged floods to increase its damage capabilities (Lang). The growing population of China also contributes to the deforestation of China because people needed land to live on. The second major human error was overpopulation. Overpopulation in cities or areas prone to deadly natural disasters is more likely to result in higher number of deaths and causalities (Gittings). More people mean a higher demand in food, land, and crops (Gittings) which helped caused deforestation in many areas along the Yangtze. The third major human error was the location in which they built their vast cities and homes. Where there is a river, there is the potential risk or threat of a river flood. Throughout the summer flood disaster, tens of thousands of people were force to either flee or evacuate their homes as entire villages were wiped out and crops sustained heavy damage (Ansfield). Flooding was always a negative factor to many cities, towns, and industries which were built relatively close to the Yangtze River in the Eastern Lowlands throughout the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries (Wakeman 492). Finally, the fourth major human error was failure to improve after many flood disasters before the year 1998. The government did not have enough resources to initiate a complete plan to avoid summer flooding’s and disasters that follows it (Gittings). The government lacked on the money, funds, labor, and support according to this quote during the 1998 summer floods, where many Chinese flood victims answered a question to who to blame saying, â€Å"There was nothing to be done. China was too poor. China has too many people† (Gittings). Thus, many victims advocated for improvement yet failed because political power and complete social unification with the rest of the country was out of their league (Gittings). The bottom line was that human errors not only set up the devastating Yangtze summer flood disaster, but also encouraged it to happen. There were severe flood consequences following China’s summer disaster. First, the disaster negatively impacted socially, where panic and chaos ensured in many of the flooded streets (Watson). But chaos wasn’t the only thing on flooded streets. Damages took place in many commercial businesses, which were either damaged or destroyed by the floods putting thousands out of work (â€Å"YouTube†). According to a video recording the disaster, the entire streets and major roadways were completely flooded, only leaving sewage and unsanitary debris behind (â€Å"YouTube†). The second consequence was unsanitary drinking water. Even flooding as a natural disaster can tamper with the public drinking water making it harder to have access to safe water (Watson). People who drink unsafe water can risk getting diseases and illnesses, such as diarrheal (Watson). This only put more negative pressure on the victims who were striving to survive the disaster. The third consequence was structural damage complications. Collapsed or damaged structures can create havoc and add more problems to the picture as shown in a video where it showed flood waters surrounding underneath a damaged bridge, full of trapped survivors who were waiting to be rescued (â€Å"YouTube†). You read "China’s 1998 Summer Flood Disaster on the Tangtze" in category "Papers" Another example of structural damage was the breakthrough of many dikes and levees along the Yangtze River holding back heavy flood waters to protect nearby cities and industrial centers (Hutzler). Many dikes were placed in areas prone to flooding especially near the industrial centers and oil fields in order to protect them and keep them from affecting their economic status (Kurtenbach). The condition and strength of the many dikes literally was a death and life situation for not only the government, but for the population as well. Lastly, the fourth consequence was the rise in health issues. An example was the extreme scarcity of safe drinking water. Drinking unsafe water can increase the risk of getting diarrheal disease which exactly happened in many cities affected by the Yangtze floods (Watson). Also, many hospitals and clinics were damaged, destroyed, or completely submerged under water which caused a shortage in medicine and medical equipment for the many flood victims (Hutzler). As the flood waters affected millions, negative health factors such as colds, stomach illnesses, dysentery, hepatitis, and diseases carried by waterborne parasites all threatened the flood victims and those nearby to which health Minister Zhang Wenkang himself tried to warn that these factors were on the rise (Hutzler). The many flood consequences radically brought devastating damages to China and immediately alerted the people and the government that changes and solutions in its society was needed to prevent further flood catastrophes. Agricultural, economic, and industrial damages were dealt with throughout the summer disaster. Fact: â€Å"Flooding across vast areas of China that began in June of 1998 had affected more than 140 million people, destroyed 2. 9 million houses and ruined nine million hectares of crops by July 15† (â€Å"China Moves†). In agriculture, about 21 million hectares of land were underwater which disrupted successful farming and the growth of crops (Harding). The grain production of 1998 was difficult to accomplish for the flooding’s cut back some 11 million tons of summer grain harvest (Harding). Also, cotton wheat and rice got hit the worst (Harding). Economically, losses were estimated around 85. 6 billion Yuan. Agriculture and the economy were extremely associated with each other. For example, the cotton industry was highly affected by the Yangtze summer floods (Harding). Even though it still had enough cotton to produce for the use of China, flooding still damaged some cotton fields thus forcing a decrease in its cotton exports (Harding). In other words, the reduction of cotton exports and imports greatly damaged its economic shipping. Thus, agricultural had a strong mutual bond with the economy, a bond where one can become affected and overwhelmingly impact the other. But that wasn’t the only complication, for billions of money was spent by the government (â€Å"1998†) to provide food, water, and shelter to the flood victims as well as spending money to clean up and rebuild the affected cities and lands (Ansfield). One example that can be examined was a quote from the mayor of Qiqihar, â€Å"We need about three years to make up for the heavy losses caused by the floods† (Gittings). When a natural disaster hits so suddenly, the damages can be so severe and restoration of anything takes time and patience. Finally, the floods damaged the industry of China. A total of 335 oilfields were submerged underwater or affected by the floods at Daqing (Kurtenbach). But according to Xinhua, China’s oil production still continued, even though 282 oil wells were shut down and 1443 oil wells were overwhelmed with flood waters (Hutzler). Despite the amount of damages sustained during the disaster, China eventually received much needed help and support by its government, the United Nations, army and military, and the people. The 1998 summer disaster created problems that changed China economically, socially, and politically. But most problems eventually were solved, mostly by the reactions and responses of China and other helpful nations. There were four recognizable reactionaries and responses. The first was government involvement. During the summer flood disasters, the government helped in supplying the thousands with medical supplies, food, water, and shelter (Kurtenbach). Even President Jiang Zemin urged relief workers to ensure social order and guard against the spread of diseases (Kurtenbach). The government also built the world’s largest powerhouse dam, the Three Gorges Dam (â€Å"Three Gorges†), in order to control flooding and provide an eco-friendly power source for its cities and people (â€Å"China Moves†). Deforestation was a major cause and problem of the 1998 summer floods, thus the government devised a plan in which they will replant thousands of trees to regain rich top soil especially near the Yangtze and its rivers (Lang). In order to complete this major task, the government received help from the Sloping Land Conversion Program or SLCP which will devise a plan to turn some 37 million acres of land back into forests or grasslands (Hance). The government orders some of the dikes to be destroyed to flood plains and farms in order to save the many industrial cities and centers from being flooded (â€Å"Background†). Most importantly, the government banned all logging activities in the headwaters of the Yangtze and in the Sichuan province, stopping the lumber jacks from cutting down trees to planting new trees (Gittings). The second reaction and response was the help from the United Nations. The World Food Programme or W. F. P. officially got involved and helped China and its people by sending and distributing food and water to the flood victims (â€Å"Chinese Agency†). The W. E. P. Deputy Executive Director Namanga Nyongi stated, â€Å"The aim of W. F. P. ’s emergency operation is to provide food and to help these people rebuild their homes and the local infrastructure which were destroyed by the floods† (â€Å"Chinese Agency†). This quote simply explains on how Nyongi spoke a reassurance statement in which help was on the way and that the Chinese flood victims will not be abandoned. The United States also helped by sending in a shipment of humanitarian relief equipment (Harding) and dispatched some cargo planes carrying essential supplies vital to the flood victims (â€Å"Background†). The third reaction and responses was from China’s army and military. Countless Chinese troops are sent in to complete search and rescue missions, reinforce weak dikes, clean up the wreckage of the many cities, and secure public safety and provide protection (â€Å"YouTube†). More than two million people including most military personal all helped reinforce the weak and outdated dikes holding some or most of the flood waters back (Harding). Lastly, the unification of the people of China was a significant reaction and response to the summer floods. It took millions of helpful people of all social classes and society to work as a team to reinforce the poor dikes and drain flooded roads as well as replanting drowned crops (Ansfield). Teamwork in rescue missions was crucial especially when dealing with a crisis that involved victims in a dangerous situation (â€Å"YouTube†). Another example of unity and teamwork was the millions of hands willingly sacrificing their time and efforts in the moving of earth and sand to avoid greater disasters (Gittings). The fact that President Jiang Zemin encouraged the country and nation to team up with one another in the struggle of the 1998 summer floods also helped in unifying the people. The 1998 summer flood disaster in China devastated both the government and the people caused by major human errors such as deforestation, overpopulation, location, and past failures only to be later resolved by its reactions and responses to improve its status with the Yangtze and avoid future, major complications. Human errors were most to blame since the government and the people did not learn from their past disaster mistakes and continued to lose countless lives. Deforestation, overpopulation, location, and all of the failures could have been recognized and solved by the people of China thus preventing such high deaths and leaving millions homeless or affected. But despite the complications, there were some changes that were made to help them correct their past mistakes, and the government, people, and the United Nations all did their best to help China succeed. The restoration of thousands of trees and the facility of the Three Gorges Dam was to both play a crucial role in controlling the river floods or to prevent soil erosion, as well as protecting those living along the Yangtze. Despite the complications and solutions, natural disasters can change and shape countries, people, governments, and society. But it is the reactions and responses to the disasters that determines whether the outcome is a success or a failure based on learning from the mistakes and correcting them. Works Cited â€Å"1998 Yangtze River Floods. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 03 May 2013. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. Ansfield, Jonathan. â€Å"China Rebuilds in Wake of Flooding: 540 Reported Deaths. † National Post [Don Mills, Ont] 25 June 2002, Toronto ed. , Sports sec. : S10. ProQuest Newsstand. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. http://search. proquest. om/docview/329908584/13C78238C9A3066C566/33? accountid=3785. â€Å"Background: The Yangtze’s Wrath. † Interview by Elizabeth Farnsworth, Phil Ponce, and Woman. PBS. PBS, n. d. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. http://www. pbs. org/newshour/bb/asia/july-dec98/flood_8-12a. html. â€Å"Bad Planning Made Flood Damage Worse. † The Daily Yomiur i [Tokyo] 14 Sept. 1998: 1. ProQuest Newsstand. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. http://search. proquest. com/docview/285668680? accountid=3785. â€Å"China Moves 132,000 as Floods Approach Three Gorges Region: Flood Season Has Killed 1,000, and Officials Tell Residents to Brace for Massive Crest of Water Expected on the Yangtze. The Vancouver Sun [Vancouver] 20 July 1998, Final ed. , News sec. : A5. ProQuest Newsstand. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. ;http://search. proquest. com/docview/242848508? accountid=3785;. â€Å"Chinese Agency Reports UN Food-aid Programme Launched in Flood Aftermath. † BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific – Political [London] 19 Sept. 1998: 1. ProQuest Newsstand. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. ;http://search. proquest. com/docview/450127178? accountid=3785;. Gittings, John. â€Å"Environment: High and Dry The Flooding of the Yangtze River Has Devastated the Lives of Millions. Now China Is Claiming It Can How to cite China’s 1998 Summer Flood Disaster on the Tangtze, Papers

Marketing Fundamentals for Television Commercials and Others

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Fundamentals for Television Commercials and Others. Answer: Introduction The assignment deals with the marketing fundamentals. In this assignment, marketing concepts will be explained in regards to personal interest in joining the Qantas airways. It is one of recognised airline brand in Australia. Concepts and process within Marketing Marketing can be defined as promoting the services provided by an organisation to the target audience. Promotion can be done through various mediums such as magazine advertisements, television commercials, and others. Marketing concept is the philosophy that emphasise on analysing and satisfying the customer needs. It means that the focus of all the marketing activities is customer satisfaction. Marketing gives the business a direction and help adjust to the changing nature. It will help introduce the new features of service or design the product in a new manner. The marketing strategy will help gain competitive advantage as there are many other organisation launching similar products or services in the same market. Marketing is require for customer retention (Hollensen 2015). The marketing process starts with performing situational analysis, market research, followed by establishing of the marketing objectives. Once the marketing objectives are clear and specified the target market is identified. It is followed by development of market strategies. Last step of marketing process involves implementation of the marketing strategies along with its monitoring and control (Slater 2015). Importance of marketing to chosen service Qantas airways provide national and international airlines services to the people. Thus, marketing is central to Qantas. Qantas needs marketing to generate funds for its new check in facilities, new lounge, and new carriers flying to Asia, which are usually expensive. To satisfy customers a right staff is required. The fate of Qantas is determined by the staff even though they do not directly control the marketing efforts (Lucarelli, 2014). Therefore, Qantas aligns with the HR department for marketing on the job descriptions, and designing of the training programs. Further, during the non-peak times, Qantass sales may be hampered. Therefore, during this time Qantas should use the marketing strategies such as advertising, and sales promotions to boot sales. This will help achieve smooth operations even during the fluctuations in demand. Qantas has many competitors therefore, it is important to pick up integrated marketingoption. It will help provide significantly operational efficiencies. It opens the door to real-time customer campaigns (Homsombat et al., 2014). Insights on marketing This assignment has provided clear perspective on marketing concepts. Initially, it appeared that marketing means television commercials about launch of new product or service. However, now this misconception is erased. Even the companies like Qantas that are ages old need marketing to maintain the strong customer base. The assignment has broadened the knowledge on marketing. Initially it appeared that it is a simple process of announcing the customers simply choosing one or more strategies of promoting. However, marketing is complex process involving series of steps right from performing situational analysis to development of strategy as per the needs identified and lastly implementation. Satisfying customers is a difficult job and marketing is a useful tool in this regard. References Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Homsombat, W., Lei, Z. and Fu, X., 2014. Competitive effects of the airlines-within-airlines strategyPricing and route entry patterns.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,63, pp.1-16. Lucarelli, G. (2014). The corporate strategy of Qantas Airways. A case study. Slater, S.P., 2015. The Tasks of Strategic Market Management: The Role of Marketing. InProceedings of the 1989 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 667-667). Springer, Cham.

Community Assessment and Analysis Essay Example

Community Assessment and Analysis Essay Community Assessment and Analysis Name: Course: Institution: We will write a custom essay sample on Community Assessment and Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Community Assessment and Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Community Assessment and Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instructor: Date: Community Assessment and Analysis Values and beliefs Hispanic community in San Antonio Texas has held to its cultures for long. They are far from development and this is an area of immigrants. The deportation rates are very high and these people live in fear and poverty. They still belief in the traditional treatment methods that include the use of herbs and different plants. Hispanics use folk healing more frequently for chronic conditions. Healing through the folk system is practiced by â€Å"curanderos† or â€Å"santeros†. Curanderos are naturalist healers who use herbs and plants to heal illness. Santeros, on the other hand, use the power of the Saints to heal, aid, and counsel individuals. We have some who use spiritual healing by the power of the saints while others do counseling. However, they have embraced the different health programs that have been introduced to their community. Most of the Spanish speaking countries are Roman Catholic and so religion influences their decisions. Religion healthcare is what Hispa nics have lived on and it has been largely accepted due to the strong faith. They are mostly poor but they have programs from the migrant health promotions. This community has family and community values. The community values tradition, supportive families, compassionate communities and an unwavering commitment to building the brightest possible future. They work together to improve on infrastructure and water among other basic needs. It is evident that they spend their little income on alcohol and drugs that have seen them die. (Valen, Naravan, Wedeking, 2012). Health perception and management There are many diseases compared to other areas of Texas. Diabetes has hit more than 50% of the inhabitants of this region. This is an area with an increasing population and this makes it hard for the medical attention to be successful. The people are into alcohol that has killed many of them. They have to travel long distances to look for medical aid and this makes the mortality rates higher. Many immigrants would rather die than being deported to their countries of origin. Others would rather die working than forfeiting their wages for treatment (Valen, Naravan, Wedeking, 2012). Up to 41 percent of the Valley residents are uninsured, compared to 15 percent nationally Lack of health providers is another problem but the programs assist them. We have some barriers due to language and mistrusting the system. Some of these programs are Promotores Community Program (PCP). They help in educating the community on the importance of a healthy living. They teach them on leadership skills, pee r pressure, and how to support the community. Immunization is not common because of the distances covered in order to access them. Young children die because of lack of immunization. The death rates here are very high because other than ignoring treatment some people have taken to drugs that have raised mortality rates. This is an area of immigrants and so they fear deportation (Lancer, Patria, 2012). Nutrition/Metabolic In nutrition and metabolic, obesity is the biggest problem. This is a result of poor diet so both the children, and the adults suffer obesity and other cardiovascular diseases. Lack of nutrition education including the different values in foods has contributed to this. In the year 2009, the supplemental nutrition assistance program was introduced, and they gave food stamps to the poor homes (Lancer, Patria, 2012). Other programs like Food banks and WIC got involved in feeding them. By demonstrating cookery lessons, and other physical lessons, Hispanics are able to stay healthy. The people in this region are poor and cannot of food. That is why food stamps have been introduced to cater for the needy. They have to look for clean water and this is another hazard. They dwell on vast foods that the programs are trying to get rid of. The littering is enough prove of how much of junk food they live on. In the school they have food dispensers that encourage unhealthy feeding. Elimination (Environmental and Health concerns) There are many environmental concerns in San Antonio, Texas, starting with the rampant air pollution from vehicles, and the Kelly Air Force Base that has been a major aircraft maintenance ground from as early as 1950s. The majority of the population, who are Hispanic, has complained about health issues caused by the toxic waste found in the base. The base has been cited to produce around 282,000 tons of toxic and hazardous waste per year, which is quite a major health issue (txpeer.org, 2012). These toxic pollutants include air, water, as well as the soil, which has a far-reaching effect on the neighborhood surrounding the air base. Many people have complained that the damping of toxic waste is done knowingly by the air base. This includes open pit dumping that overflows with toxic waste when it rains, and reaches people in their neighborhoods. However, the people assert that no measures have been taken despite their complaints. Thus, the airbase continues to pose the greatest threat in San Antonio in terms of pollution and health related problems (txpeer.org, 2012). This needs to be eliminated or measures should be taken to prevent the effects of the toxic waste. References Dulin, Michael F.; Tapp, Hazel; Smith, Heather A.; Hernandez, Brisa Urquieta de; Furuseth, Owen J. (2011). A community based participatory approach to improving health in a Hispanic population. Implementation Science, 2011, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p38-48 Lancer Julnes, Patria; Johnson. (2011). Strengthening Efforts to Engage the Hispanic Community in Citizen-Driven Governance: An Assessment of Efforts in Utah Public Administration Review, v. 71, iss. 2, pp. 221-31 Oyetayo OO, James C, Martinez A, Roberson K, Talbert RL. (2011). The Hispanic Diabetes Management Program: Impact ofcommunity pharmacists on clinical outcomes. Journal Of The American Pharmacists Association: Japha [J Am Pharm Assoc, ISSN: 1544-3450, Vol. 51 (5), pp. 623-6 txpeer.org. (2012). Kelly Air Force Base: San Antonio’s Dumping Ground. Retrieved from http://www.txpeer.org/toxictour/kelly.html Valen, Mieca S.; Narayan, Suzanne; Wedeking, Lorene. (2012). an Innovative Approach To Diabetes Education For A Hispanic Population Utilizing Community health Workers. Journal of Cultural Diversity, Spring2012, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p10-17 Functional Health Patterns Community Assessment Functional Health Patterns Questions Responses Value/Belief Pattern Hetal Predominant ethnic and cultural groups along with beliefs related to health. There is a strong attachment to indigenous cultures. The community still believes in traditional treatment methods that uses hers and plants. The advancement of modern healthcare techniques has been promoted by Christianity Predominant spiritual beliefs in the community that may influence health. The community has great respect for natural healers or â€Å"santeros† who claim to posses spiritual powers. Availability of spiritual resources within or near the community (churches/chapels, synagogues, chaplains, Bible studies, sacraments, self-help groups, support groups, etc.). The community is in close proximity of both churches and spiritual shrines. The Roman Catholic church has however made great achievements in converting most of the Hispanics to Christianity. Do the community members value health promotion measures? What is the evidence that they do or do not (e.g., involvement in education, fundra ising events, etc.)? . The Hispanics value developmental activities for example participating in building the infrastructure. They engage in group projects to solve sanitation, water and other societal problems.What does the community value? How is this evident? Most of the community values family ties. Within their culture, they have structures like supportive families as well as compassionate communities that clearly show the priority given to the institution in the society.On what do the community members spend their money? Are funds adequate? Most of their incomes are spent on developing their social lives. They do not spend much on leisure activities like drinking and drugs. Health Perception/Management Hetal Predominant health problems: Compare at least one health problem to a credible statistic (CDC, county, or state). The major health issues include a predisposition to diabetes, asthma and HIV / AIDS. For example, Latinos accounted for 20% of new HIV / aids infections on the US. The number of Hispanic adults having asthma contributes to around 26% of he US population Immunization rates (age appropriate). Very low immunization rates among Hipanic children. Around 77 percent of Hispanic children aged 19-35 months of age have received the recommended 4 doses of DTaP, 3 doses of polio, 1 dose of measles-containing vaccine, and 3 doses of Hib vaccine Appropriate death rates and causes, if applicable. The age bracket with the highest death rates was 60-69 years. The main causes of these deaths were heart diseases, cancer and accidents. Prevention programs (dental, fire, fitness, safety, etc.): Does the community think these are sufficient? The main prevention program that assists this commun ity is PCP. PCP provides advice on healthy living with a focus on supportive communities and leadership skills. Available health professionals, health resources within the community, and usage. Most of the communities do not have access to health facilities. The existing facilities are over-utilized and understaffed. Common referrals to outside agencies. The United Nations programs also operate in these areas for example WHO. Nutrition/Metabolic Hetal Indicators of nutrient deficiencies. Obesity rates or percentages: The highest obesity rates are found among the black Hispanics (44.1%). This mainly caused by poor dietary behavior as well as a lack of nutrition education Compare to CDC statistics. Affordability of food/available discounts or food programs and usage (e.g., WIC, food boxes, soup kitchens, meals-on-wheels, food stamps, senior discounts, employee discounts, etc.). The Food banks and WIC have attempted to substitute food shortages and nutrition deficiencies by introducing food stamps and relief food distribution. Availability of water (e.g., number and quality of drinking fountains). The availability of safe drinking water is a difficulty for most white and black Hispanics Fast food and junk food accessibility (vending machines). Children and adults prefer junk food that is easily accessible in street-side vending machines and in school grounds. Evidence of healthy food consumption or unhealthy food consumption (trash, long lines, observations, etc.). Most of the populations scramble in fast food joints for junk food. There are also large volumes of littering in dumpsites that displayed the huge consumption of fast foods. Provisions for special diets, if applicable. There are no special diets for the Hispanic masses. For schools (in addition to above): Nutritional content of food in cafeteria and vending machines: Compare to ARS 15-242/The Arizona Nutrition Standards (or other state standards based on residence) Amount of free or reduced lunch Most states have regulations on the content but Hispanic-inhabited regions have lax or sometimes, no regulations on nutrition levels. Schools do not actively participate in regulating the type of food their students consume. Elimination (Environmental Health Concerns) Hetal Common air contaminants’ impact on the community. Air has been polluted due to the smoking cars, fire smoke, dust and pesticides. The pollution contributes to deaths by asthma and other respiratory complications like pneumonia. Noise. Increased usage of cars and trucks contributes to noise pollution. Waste disposal. The sewage systems are not properly designed therefore raw sewage is left to run on the surface. Pest control: Is the community notified of pesticides usage? The communities are ignorant of the proper methods of handling, usage and disposal of pesticides. Hygiene practices (laundry services, hand washing, etc.). Their hygiene routine is low because of water scarcity and lack of education in the area Bathrooms: Number of bathrooms; inspect for cleanliness, supplies, if possible. The Hispanic population have low personal cleanliness levels Universal precaution practices of health providers, teachers, members (if applicable). Temperature controls (e.g., within buildi ngs, outside shade structures). There are no air conditioners to stabilize the temperature within buildings. Safety (committee, security guards, crossing guards, badges, locked campuses). The unemployed youth engage in petty crime as well as organized violent activities. The local police and private security officers are not enough to contain these criminals. Activity/Exercise Jessica Community fitness programs (gym discounts, P.E., recess, sports, access to YMCA, etc.). There are many campaigns throughout the united states urging the Hispanic community to get out and get active. A new program known as Fitness Feria, consists of more than 150 health experts and organizations promote better understanding of the U.S. sports and fitness system so Hispanic families can become healthier. Fitness Feria is an expo that highlights volleyball, cycling, karate and many more activities for everyone from babies to big kids, and their parents. CULPEPPER, Q. (2012, July 17). Program aims to keep Hispanic community healthy, fit. Kvue.com. Retrieved May 22, 2012, from http://www.kvue.com/news/local/Program-aims-to-keep-Hispanic-community-healthy-fit-98667134.html Recreational facilities and usage (gym, playgrounds, bike paths, hiking trails, courts, pools, etc.). Hispanic and low income neighborhoods were significantly more likely than white neighborhoods not to have recreational facilities. Recreational facilities and the resources they offer are not equitably distributed. The presence of parks in poor and minority areas suggest that improving the types and quality of resources in parks could be an important strategy to increase physical activity and reduce socioeconomic disparities. Moore, L. V., Diez Roux, A. V., Evenson, K. R., McGinn, A. P. (2008, February 25). Availability of Recreational Resources. National Institute of Health. Retrieved May 22, 2012, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2254179/ Safety programs (rules and regulations, safety training, incentives, athletic trainers, etc.). Hispanics work in a variety of areas across the united states so it is important that all safety be presented in a way in which they are able to understand it. Hispanics now comprise more than 20 percent of construction employees. Programs are breaking down barriers of language, literacy and culture, which have a big impact on safety. Construction Safety: Best Practices in Training Hispanic Workers. (n.d.). Construction Safety: Best Practices in Training Hispanic Workers. Retrieved May 22, 2012, from http://ehstoday.com/construction/news/ehs_imp_36851/ Injury statistics or most common injuries. Hispanics suffer disproportionately high rates of unintentional injuries. Hispanic children have among the highest rates of morbidity and mortality of any racial/ethnic group of U.S. children regarding unintentional injuries. Acosta, D. (2008, November 29). Unintentional Injuries in the Hispanic/Latino Population. Unintentional Injuries Content. Retrieved May 22, 2012, from http://faculty.washington.edu/dacosta/HHP/module6/content.html Evidence of sedentary leisure activities (amount of time watching TV, videos, and computer). Gardening and/or yard work and walking were cited as the most frequent leisure time physical activities. Hispanic women are more likely to be sedentary than the general population. Lack of time is a reason that is often given for not engaging in non- work related physical activity. The Hispanic culture places more value on rest and relaxation and hence views leisure as a sedentary activity. The President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports – E-Newsletter. (2007). The President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports – E-Newsletter. Retrieved May 22, 2012, from http://www.fitness.gov/enewsletter/Summer07_featurearticle.htm Means of transportation. Public transportation is more likely to be used by Hispanics and disadvantaged groups than the general population. Hispanic workers carpooled at a rate of 16.4 percent, compared with 9.5 percent for non-Hispanic workers. American Community Survey. (n.d.). 5-Year Release Details. Retrieved May 22, 2012, from http://www.census.gov/acs/www/data_documentation/2009_5yr_data/ Sleep/Rest Jessica Sleep routines/hours of your community: Compare with sleep hour standards (from National Institutes of Health [NIH]). Hispanics are more frequently uninsured than Non-Hispanic Whites, and Hispanics carry a disproportionate share of drug abuse, and HIV/AIDS diagnoses. Sleep disordered breathing is strongly associated with obesity, diabetes, use of alcohol, and smoking, all of which are highly prevalent in the Hispanic population. Also, organizations such as the American Academy or Sleep Medicine, the NIH, and the National Sleep Foundation have sleep educational web-based programs to educate the medical establishment and the public on the health consequences sleep disorders. SLEEP – Sleep Health in U.S. Hispanic Population. (n.d.). SLEEP – Sleep Health in U.S. Hispanic Population. Retrieved May 22, 2012, from http://www.journalsleep.org/ViewAbstract.aspx?pid=27848 Factors affecting sleep: Shift work prevalence of community members Environment (noise, lights, crowding, etc.) Consumption of caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, and drugs Homework/Extracurricular activities Health issues In the Hispanic community many suffer sleep disorders. Some disorders arise from shift work disorder. Often many Hispanic’s work in a low-income job which usually means working in a factory or taking a less than desirable shift or working overnight. Other factors such a drug abuse or alcohol can impair sleep. Illnesses such as obesity, disease, and smoking can all foster sleeping disorders. Since Hispanics are at a greater risk for obesity, sleep apnea is also another concern that can affect sleep patterns. SLEEP – Sleep Health in U.S. Hispanic Population. (n.d.). SLEEP – Sleep Health in U.S. Hispanic Population. Retrieved May 22, 2012, from http://www.journalsleep.org/ViewAbstract.aspx?pid=27848 Cognitive/Perceptual Jessica Primary language: Is this a communication barrier? Primary language is Spanish and this can often lead to language barriers and miscommunication. However, the availability of interpreters is on the rise, more and more American’s are beginning to speak Spanish.Educational levels: For geopolitical communities, use http://www.census.gov and compare the city in which your community belongs with the national statistics. In Texas the Hispanic/Latino culture accounts for 9,460,921 people according to census.gov. Regarding education, the proportion of Hispanics 25 years old and over with high school diplomas increased from 45.7 percent in 1983 to 53.1 percent in 1993. Despite that improvement, in 1993 Hispanics were still much less likely to be high school graduates than were non-Hispanic Whites. About 9.0 percent of Hispanic young adults reported that they had a bachelor’s degree, compared with about 26.8 percent of non-Hispanic White adults. The Hispanic Population. (n.d.). The Hispanic Population. Retrieved May 22, 2012, from http://www.census.gov/population/www/pop-profile/hisppop.html Opportunities/Programs: Educational offerings (in-services, continuing education, GED, etc.) Educational mandates (yearly in-services, continuing education, English learners, etc.) Special education programs (e.g., learning disabled, emotionally disabled, physically disabled, and gifted) The White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans was established in September 1990 by President George H.W. Bush to provide advice and guidance to the secretary of education on education issues related to Hispanics and address academic excellence and opportunities for the Hispanic community. The commission was tasked with: eliminating education inequities and disadvantages faced by Hispanic Americans; increasing Hispanic participation in federal education programs; eliminating unintended regulatory barriers to Hispanic participation in federal education programs; promoting and publicizing education opportunities and programs of interest to Hispanics; and encouraging privat e sector, state and community involvement in improving education for Hispanics. White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanics. (2011, December 30). U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved May 22, 2012, from http://www2.ed.gov/about/inits/list/hispanic-initiative/index.html Funding resources (tuition reimbursement, scholarships, etc.). Without a doubt the Hispanic Scholarship Fund is one of the largest and most well recognized resources for Latino scholarships. The HSF is a clearinghouse for educational information related to Hispanic students and has built enough influence and respect to draw millions of dollars in funding from large corporate sponsors like McDonalds and Wal-Mart. The Hispanic Heritage Foundation has taken on a mission to inspire Hispanic students of all heritages to become extraordinary civic leaders. The organization specifically offers a number of annual Hispanic Heritage student scholarship awards. The Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities (HACU) delivers droves of information relative to the institutions most invested in Hispanic students. HACU’s list of scholarships is regularly updated. Corporate partners such as Gap, General Motors, and Home Depot fund these awards. All HACU scholarship recipients demonstrate a balance of academic motivation and financial need. Monetary awards range from $1,000 to $2,800. For Hispanic students interested in journalism or broadcast media, the National Association of Hispanic Journalists (NAHJ) scholarships run between $1,000 and $5,000. All offer specific relevancy for Latinos who are sadly invisible in mainstream journalism. Scholarships for Hispanics. (n.d.). Hispanic Scholarship Programs and College Opportunities for Hispanic Students. Retrieved May 22, 2012, from http://www.collegescholarships.org/minority2.htm Self-Perception/Self-Concept Trish Age levels. Most of the young Latinos view themselves as being in the middle of two cultures and struggle with understanding their identity. The older population of Latinos still has low self-perception. Programs and activities related to community building (strengthening the community). The Latinos have community-based coalitions to provide capacity building. They mobilize each other through health organizations as well as churches and schools to build their communities. Community history. Pride indicators: Self-esteem or caring behaviors. The adolescents have higher self esteem than any other social group because of their education levels, business links and exposure to other cultures Published description (pamphlets, Web sites, etc.). Journal of Adolescent Research that contained the issue â€Å"Ethnic Identity and Self-Esteem of Latino Adolescents: Distinctions Among The Latino Populations† Role/Relationship Trish Interaction of community members (e.g., friendliness, openness, bullying, prejudices, etc.). Latino Americans tended to avoid competition or activities that would set them apart from their own group. The aspect of machismo influences cross gender interaction. There is a general hatred of the European Americans Vulnerable populations: Why are they vulnerable? How does this impact health? The black Hispanics are the most vulnerable populations. This is because they are predisposed to catching very many diseases through their low health status. Most of them are also poor and this makes it difficult to afford treatment. Power groups (church council, student council, administration, PTA, and gangs): How do they hold power? Positive or negative influence on community? The church and the school are the two groups that influence most of the Latino Americans. These two groups contribute to national building, poverty alleviation and resource allocation among other activities that make them in fluential. They both have positive impact on the society by imparting skills and good morals on the Latinos. Harassment policies/discrimination policies. The Northern European police are cited as the worst terrorists of the Latino community. Police from North America harass Hispanics during random raids, drug raids or other police programmes. The central US government has however targeted Latinos I the healthcare scheme that was launched by the Obama regime. Relationship with broader community: Police Fire/EMS (response time) Other (food drives, blood drives, missions, etc.) Hispanics are generally welcomed in other communities. Their relationship with other law enforcing agencies both local and international has not been very cordial. The Latinos also cooperate with NGOs Sexuality/Reproductive Trish Relationships and behavior among community members. Early sexual activity among adolescents exposes young people to health-related consequences, particularly sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The older age bracket from around 45 also has a higher sexual activity. Educational offerings/programs (e.g., growth and development, STD/AIDS education, contraception, abstinence, etc.). The fight against HIV/AIDS and other predisposing behavior is mainly spearheaded by NGOs like CDC. CDC has programmes to counter the spread of HIV by transsexuals and prostitutes. CDC also engages in CBO mobilization to provide awareness on the different contraceptives, diseases and other information on STIs Access to birth control. Most families cannot access birth control due to unavailability, cost of ignorance on such methods. Birth rates, abortions, and miscarriages (if applicable). The current birth rate for Latinos in this area was 80.3 births per 1000. The number of miscarriages also went down to 2 6% from 34%. Access to maternal child health programs and services (crisis pregnancy center, support groups, prenatal care, maternity leave, etc.). Most pregnant females cannot access healthcare for their babies, as it is unavailable and expensive. The teenage pregnancy rate is almost twice as high compared to other females globally. Therefore, many groups have come up to form crisis centers to support them like the Florida Pregnancy Support Services Program Coping/Stress Trish Delinquency/violence issues. A large number of youth drop out of primary and secondary levels of education to join street gangs or peddle drugs in the hope of achieving income stability. Crime issues/indicators. There is an increase in gang activity in San Antonio. The youth in these gangs engage in drug peddling and petty crime around the neighborhood. Poverty issues/indicators. Around a quarter of the Hispanic population, live in poverty. About 32.4 percent of Hispanic males and 31.1 percent of Hispanic females were unemployed in 2010 and the number is bound to increase over this economically harsh period. Generally, Hispanics also earn way less than non-Hispanic whites. All these factors coupled with high rates of school dropouts leads to more poverty among Latinos. CPS or APS abuse referrals: Compare with previous years. The rate of domestic abuse in Latino families has gone down compared to previous years. In 2002, 64% of all families had either experienced a violent incident o r been a victim. This number has since dropped to about 55%. The Hispanic culture encourages wives to bear their abusive husbands and vice versa. Drug abuse rates, alcohol use, and abuse: Compare with previous years. The number of Latinos abusing drugs has increased as compared with previous years. 6,713 adults in Texas were included in a survey that investigated the prevalence of drug abuse among Hispanics of which 1,690 persons admitted to either abusing drugs or formerly taking drugs. This was an 11% rise in drug abusers from the previous year. Stressors. Stress management resources (e.g., hotlines, support groups, etc.). Most of the chronically ill Latinos receive stress management therapy in their hospitals. The rest of the masses are supported by government counselors who are easily reached. Prevalent mental health issues/concerns: How does the community deal with mental health issues Mental health professionals within community and usage Rates for most mental disorders among Latinos are similar to that of the overall population. However, rates vary among Latino sub?groups, and rates for most mental disorders are higher for US?born Latinos than for Latino immigrants. The community has a general stigma against such disadvantaged individuals. There are mental health professionals around the Hispanic-inhabited areas that assist mentally ill people. They include American Society of Hispanic Psychiatry (ASHP), Hispanic Medical Professionals and National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) among others. Disaster planning: Past disasters Drills (what, how often) Planning committee (members, roles) Policies Crisis intervention plan Latino states have been hit by many disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes. Low-income immigrant Latinos are particularly vulnerable to disasters because they are both ill prepared and disproportionately affected. A large population of Latinos cannot be accessed by the Emergency Management Systems.

Free Essays on ABC Murders

Agatha Christie’s â€Å"The A.B.C. Murders† and Kazuo Ishiguro’s â€Å"The Remains of The Day† are alike and different in many ways. Both novels that are centered on English characters or themes. The A.B.C. Murders focuses on the murders and how and why they’re being committed, and The Remains of The Day focuses on status and tradition. While one pokes fun at English customs and traditions the other may put those same customs and traditions on a pedestal. The A.B.C. Murders were centered on a group of murders that took place in England. While the detective himself was not English his counterparts are. The murderer himself was English as well as all those that played an active role in the mystery. The basic theme of the novel was to understand how and why these murders were being committed. To understand that one must understand how to gain this information and our protagonist, Mr. Hercule Poirot, knew how to do that. Being that he had to question a lot of residents in the area, who all of whom happened to be English, Poirot knew how to address them. â€Å" You yourself are English and yet you do not seem to appreciate the quality of the English reaction to a direct question. It is invariably one of suspicion and the natural result is reticence. If I had asked those people for information they would have shut up like oyster. But my making a statement and by your contradiction of it, tongues are immediately loosened†(page 34) Th is is the ongoing stereotype in the novel, that English people are not always willing to cooperate. In order to gain information one must use trickery. The Remains of The Day focuses of English traditions and status. Because the novel is told through the eyes of a butler it’s social experiences are very limiting, but like The A.B.C. Murders, it also has its stereotypes. One of which is that English people try to hold themselves up by a certain standard whether or not they have to falsify themselves to do... Free Essays on ABC Murders Free Essays on ABC Murders Agatha Christie’s â€Å"The A.B.C. Murders† and Kazuo Ishiguro’s â€Å"The Remains of The Day† are alike and different in many ways. Both novels that are centered on English characters or themes. The A.B.C. Murders focuses on the murders and how and why they’re being committed, and The Remains of The Day focuses on status and tradition. While one pokes fun at English customs and traditions the other may put those same customs and traditions on a pedestal. The A.B.C. Murders were centered on a group of murders that took place in England. While the detective himself was not English his counterparts are. The murderer himself was English as well as all those that played an active role in the mystery. The basic theme of the novel was to understand how and why these murders were being committed. To understand that one must understand how to gain this information and our protagonist, Mr. Hercule Poirot, knew how to do that. Being that he had to question a lot of residents in the area, who all of whom happened to be English, Poirot knew how to address them. â€Å" You yourself are English and yet you do not seem to appreciate the quality of the English reaction to a direct question. It is invariably one of suspicion and the natural result is reticence. If I had asked those people for information they would have shut up like oyster. But my making a statement and by your contradiction of it, tongues are immediately loosened†(page 34) Th is is the ongoing stereotype in the novel, that English people are not always willing to cooperate. In order to gain information one must use trickery. The Remains of The Day focuses of English traditions and status. Because the novel is told through the eyes of a butler it’s social experiences are very limiting, but like The A.B.C. Murders, it also has its stereotypes. One of which is that English people try to hold themselves up by a certain standard whether or not they have to falsify themselves to do...

Event management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Event management - Essay Example Groups of related event usually stage up the pre-event and the post event requirements, preparations, site an event management area, the impact of time frames, number of guests required, food prepared with respect to the scales and the intended target groups of events. An example of an event is the graduation ceremonies held in the schools, which require event related operations. Through this operation, a student will be able to understand what is required in the event. Guest invited, parents and any other target get to know what time is the event starting, and all the other proceedings. These events help to design the programs to be followed in a particular span of time. This program designed to help eliminate much time wastage since most of time an event that is not designed with relevant programs tends to extend to late hours hence frustrating the attendees. They also help to give the chronological analysis of the presentations in the events. Each event has a unique way to handle the running activities that have to be effectively designed and followed. Team organizer and designer of the programs is first selected to discuss on how to conduct the event in a unique way that will attract the guests and the other attendees. Logistical arrangements are then made by the event team to determine the amount of the time to be consumed by the related event, the number of the guests invited the event also helps to determine whether the site put aside for the sole purpose of the event will accommodate the number of the people require to attend the event. Some other teams are selected to formulate the branding of the event especially the event are not seasonal or they require high attention. Event operation management is basically about getting things done effectively and efficiently in an organization. They aim at delivering a product or a

The Impact of Small Business in our National Economy Term Paper

The Impact of Small Business in our National Economy - Term Paper Example national economy. Impact of Small Business on the American Economy United States probably has the largest small business sector in advanced western economies. Small businesses play several auxiliary roles in the U.S. economy; these roles vary depending on stage of evolution and overall economic state. In 1990s, small business held nearly half of total private sector employment and production (Gaddy, 2002, p.182).When it comes to defining what constitute a small business, there is no standard consensus because it varies from country to country. According to U.S. Census Bureau, in United States, nearly 80% of small businesses have less than twenty employees (2004). Earlier than 1970, the term small business was rarely used in media or business news. It became popular after the publication of David Birch’s work. His work’s summary in a one liner that made small business famous was, â€Å"two third of all the new jobs created were produced by firms with twenty or fewer emp loyees† (As cited in Dunkelberg, 1995). Small businesses serve as backbone of the U.S. economy. Approximately 25 million small businesses provide jobs for half of private employees in America. For more than a decade, small firms proved to be an economic steamroller for the U.S. national economy. ... Today, more than 250,000 small firms export; it is thrice the number of companies exporting a decade ago. Several small businesses work for exporters indirectly, such as, local suppliers and subcontractors working for larger firms. Every one from three export sales dollar is invested back into small business. However, the numbers should multiply rapidly in order to cope with the challenges posed by globalization and trade imbalances (Manzullo, n.d.). Job Opportunities Small businesses contribute enormously for the U.S. economy and society. Most evident of them all is new job opportunities created by small businesses every year. According to an estimate, on average, three of every four jobs are offered by small companies having less than 500 employees. Considerable share of these jobs are created by small companies having four to fewer employees. Small firms support and contribute to numerous industries, such as, restaurants, service businesses, amusement and recreation, wholesale tra de, engineering, management services, and construction trade contractors (as cite in Boone & David, 2010, p.194). Boone and David (2010) further state: Small businesses form the core the U.S. economy. Businesses with fewer than 500 employees generate more than half nation’s gross domestic product. Small firms represent 99.7 percent of all the employer firms and pay more than 45 percent of the total U.S. private payroll. Over half of firms are home-based, while 2 percent are franchises. In addition, small businesses employ almost half of the nation’s private nonfarm workforce. (p.194) New Industry Creation Small business sector provides an outlet to entrepreneurial innovation and ideas which generate completely new industries. News businesses and industries fuel local

Continuous Assessment on International Human Trafficking Law Essay

Continuous Assessment on International Human Trafficking Law - Essay Example The practical difficulties will first be explored by outlining the historical developments of anti-human trafficking international law. Secondly, this paper will analyse the European Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005 (Convention of 2005) and the ECHR’s approach to international human trafficking in Ranstev v Cyprus and Russia (2010). Finally this paper will recommend appropriate amendments that can improve the Convention of 2005. I. Historical Developments in International Human Trafficking Law Trafficking in human beings has a long â€Å"legal and political history†.2 The term human trafficking was first used in internationally during the early part of the 20th century and even then it was confined to issues relative to white slavery which was a term used in connection with forced prostitution. Therefore the first anti-trafficking convention at international law was the International Agreement for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic 1 904 which attempted to eliminate the criminal trafficking of females for â€Å"immoral purposes†.3 By 1927, the term white slavery was discontinued as it was perceived to be inadequate in terms of reflecting the real nature of the problem of international human trafficking. As a result a number of international conventions were adopted including the League of Nations’ Suppression of the Trafficking in Women and Children 1921 and the Suppression of the Traffic in Women of Full Age 1933. Neither or these conventions offered a definition of trafficking and were largely concerned with the forced prostitution of women across borders. Moreover, these conventions only dealt with the issue of recruitment as it was perceived that detention in brothels fell outside of international law.4 The United Nations adopted the Convention on Suppression of Trafficking and Exploitation of Prostitution in 1949 which had three significant shortcomings. First it was not a binding convention i n the sense that it only called for cooperation. Secondly, it was based on self-reporting and thirdly, it did not define the term human trafficking.5 The assessment of human trafficking would therefore differ from state to state as each country would have its own definition of trafficking and self-reporting, regardless of how objective could not reflect the real nature of the problem internationally. Moreover, the voluntary cooperative nature of the 1949 Convention could not provide an effective obligation or commitment to reporting and cooperating on the appropriate responses to international human trafficking. By the decades of the 1990s, national governments, intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations became increasingly concerned about the problems associated with transnational criminal organizations and the attending problems of human trafficking. Thus the UN implemented the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime in 2000. At the same time th e UN adopted the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children (Anti-Trafficking Protocol 2000).6 Significantly, the Anti-Trafficking Protocol 2000 provided for an agreed upon definition of human trafficking, therefore facilitating a harmonized approach to defining human trafficking and as a result

Religion and the State in the US

Religion and the State in the US The separation of church and state in the United States Religion in the United States Religious belief among Americans today is as vigorous, dynamic and widespread as it ever has been. Immigration constantly brings new and different religious traditions and practices to the United States, even as the Christian traditions to which most Americans adhere continue to adapt to the needs of an ever-changing population. Approximately ninety percent of Americans profess a belief in God, and religion remains a pervasive influence on American culture, politics and public policy. No Established State Religion: The separation of church and state Yet the United States is among the few nations in the world that eschew an established state religion-indeed it was the first to do so, in 1791. As a result, the government is prohibited from supporting or endorsing any religion, or promoting one at the expense of another. Among other things, this means it cannot appoint religious leaders, compel worship or prayer, provide official interpretations of sacred scriptures, or define creedal statements of faith. Although this arrangement is widely known in the United States as the separation of church and state, owing to the predominance of Christian churches, it also applies to mosques, synagogues, and indeed all religious institutions of any sort. Scholars often use the term disestablishment to specify the legal aspect of the concept, but by whatever name it is a core principle and defining feature of American political life. The Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776: Representatives of 13 British colonies in North America published the Declaration of Independence, an open letter to the world stating their reasons for breaking the American ties of allegiance to King George V, written primarily by Thomas Jefferson: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. What does this mean? The Declaration argued that human rights were given by God, but that they must be protected by a government whose powers are derived from the consent of the governed, not from royal lineage or divine sanction. In its entirety, the declaration did not offer a detailed theory of church and state, much less codify it into law, but these passages do imply a certain view of the relationship between religion and government. According to this document: God is to be acknowledged as the creator of humankind and source of inalienable rights. Government is properly understood as a human, not divine, institution whose authority and power is derived from citizens themselves, not from God. This concept is known as popular sovereignty, which President Abraham Lincoln would famously describe nearly a hundred years later as Government of the people, by the people and for the people. The Declaration of Independence is highly esteemed in American culture not merely as the document that marked the United States independence as a nation, but also as a succinct statement of the founding values of this country. Bill of Rights December 15, 1791: This became part of the United States Constitution. It gave American citizens the most extensive guarantees of liberty the world had ever seen. If the Declaration of Independence signaled the founding of the new nation upon grand ideals of freedom, the Bill of Rights gave power to that promise. It guaranteed the rights to religious freedom, free speech and free association; protections against self-incrimination and unlawful search and seizure; guarantees of public trial, legal counsel and the due process of law; and the extraordinary recognition that citizens have many other powers and rights not enumerated in the Constitution. First right in the bill: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, nor prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Challenges to the freedom of religion The right to the free exercise of religion is not absolute, at least as it applies to religious practices. While American citizens enjoy the absolute liberty of conscience (meaning that they are legally entitled to believe or reject any idea, religious or otherwise, that they encounter), it would be impossible for them to have equal rights to act upon those ideas without being subject to some sort of regulation. Some of these actions would conflict with the goals or actions of others, and the freedom of one or the other person would therefore be restricted. Thus in principle the laws and regulations protecting the free exercise of religion are intended to grant an individual the most expansive set of liberties compatible with the same liberties granted to all others. Conclusion The separation of church and state, and the freedom of conscience it is intended to protect, are widely embraced core principles of the American form of liberal democracy. Church-state separation is at once simple in concept and irredeemably complex in practice. In a sense the aspiration for legal neutrality vis-Ã  -vis religion is doomed to failure because the concept of disestablishment itself rests upon a distinctively Protestant Christian understanding of religion as something that can be equated with faith, then privatized and separated from other parts of life. But in another sense, the lively experiment of religious liberty in the United States has been an extraordinary success, and not just for Protestants: thousands of different religious groups now make up the American religious landscape. Religion in the United States The religious landscape in the United States is shifting rapidly. We used to be a nation where most people identified themselves as Christian; today there are not only more Christian sects, but also growing numbers of people who belong to other faith traditions, and growing numbers who are not affiliated with any religion or are not believers. According to the national surveys, religious affiliation in the United States is both very diverse and extremely fluid. United States public is becoming less religion A study by the Pew Research Center made in 2014 compared data to 2007: The share of U.S. adults who say they believe in God declined from approximately 92% to 89%. The share of Americans who say they are absolutely certain God exists has dropped more sharply, from 71% in 2007 to 63% in 2014. The falloff in traditional religious beliefs and practices coincides with changes in the religious composition of the U.S. public. A growing share of Americans are religiously unaffiliated, including some who self-identify as atheists or agnostics as well as many who describe their religion as nothing in particular. Altogether, the religiously unaffiliated (also called the nones) now account for 23% of the adult population, up from 16% in 2007. Mixed religious backgrounds on the rise About one-in-five U.S. adults were raised with a mixed religious background, according to a new Pew Research Center study. This includes about one-in-ten who say they were raised by two people, both of whom were religiously affiliated but with different religions, such as a Protestant mother and a Catholic father, or a Jewish mother and a Protestant stepfather. An additional 12% say they were raised by one person who was religiously affiliated (e.g., with Protestantism, Catholicism, Judaism or another religion) and another person who was religiously unaffiliated (atheist, agnostic or nothing in particular). Still the exception To be sure, religiously mixed backgrounds remain the exception in America. Eight-in-ten U.S. adults say they were raised within a single religion, including two-thirds who say they were raised by two people who shared the same religion (or both of whom were religiously unaffiliated). An additional 14% who say they were raised by a single parent. But the number of Americans raised in interfaith homes appears to be growing. Fully one-quarter of young adults in the Millennial generation (27%) say they were raised in a religiously mixed family. Fewer Generation Xers (20%), Baby Boomers (19%) and adults from the Silent and Greatest generations (13%) say they were raised in such a household. Religious nones Americans are most likely to identify in adulthood as religiously unaffiliated if they were raised exclusively by a parent or parents who were unaffiliated themselves. Indeed, among adults who say they were raised either by a single parent who had no religion or by two people who were both religious nones, a solid majority (62%) identify as nones today. But there also are many nones who come from religiously mixed backgrounds. Nearly four-in-ten of those who say they had one parent who identified with a religion and another parent who was religiously unaffiliated describe themselves as nones today (38%). And one-quarter of those raised by a Protestant and a Catholic are now religiously unaffiliated (26%). One-in-five people who were raised exclusively by Catholics are religious nones today, as are 14% of those who say they were raised solely by Protestants. Catholics Most people raised solely by Catholics (62%) continue to identify as Catholics in adulthood, which is on par with the share of those raised solely by nones who remain religiously unaffiliated today. But those raised by one Catholic parent and one non-Catholic parent have less than a 50-50 chance of identifying with Catholicism as adults. Among U.S. adults from a mixed Protestant/Catholic background, for example, just 29% identify as Catholics today, while 38% are Protestants and 26% are nones. Protestants Eight-in-ten people raised exclusively within Protestantism continue to identify as Protestants today. And 56% of those raised by a Protestant parent and a religiously unaffiliated parent now identify as Protestants. Mother knows best Most Americans who were raised by a biological or adoptive mother and father say their parents played an equal role in their religious upbringing. But among the roughly four-in-ten adults who say one of their parents (either biological or adoptive) was more responsible for their religious upbringing, far more name their mother than their father. Moms seem to have been especially influential in the religious upbringing of people from interfaith families. Nearly half (46%) of those raised by parents affiliated with two different religions say their mother was primarily responsible for their religious upbringing, while just 7% say their father took primary responsibility; the rest say both parents played equally important roles in their religious upbringing (41%) or give some other answer, such as that they were not raised in any religion (3%).

Utilitarianism and Retributivism Views of Capital Punishment Essay

The court handles all cases with extreme seriousness; however, different cases are handled differently. For instance, murder cases have different pre-trial procedures to be followed as compared to a case like violation of traffic rules. This paper outlines philosophers’ view of punishment and how the County District Court Division handles capital punishment. To begin with, punishment is an act that involves intentional infliction of agony or misery to a person for wrong doing, with the aim of correction. Capital punishment involves penalty by death or life imprisonment killing of the person who has been found guilty. In Philosophers endeavors to justify punishment, they have come up with theories, which explain the core objective of punishment. The theories are Utilitarianism and Retributivism (Fieser, 2001). Utilitarianism is a theory that seeks to identify the consequence of administering punishment. It explains that punishment should serve to dissuade a potential offender from committing a crime. This could be done by setting clear laws, which outlines the punishment for specific crime committed. The theory also proposes punishment as a way of rehabilitating the offender. For instance sentencing an offender to do community work should be done with the aim of improving the character of the offender (Fieser, 2001).On the other hand, Retributivism is a theory that advocates proportionate punishment to any wrongdoer. The theory invokes the retaliation principle, which stipulates that a person, who kills another, should also be killed. The proponent of this theory, Immanuel Kant, seems to be in agreement with the existence of capital punishment in some states. However, to rule out chances of an innocent person being pu... ...ions. However, sometimes judges overrule the jury’s recommendations and impose death penalty rather than life imprisonment (Death Penalty, n.d). In conclusion, statistics indicates that many inmates were executed in the year 2009 compared to 2008. In 2008, 37 inmates from nine states were executed either by lethal injection or electrocution. The following year recorded the execution of 52 inmates (Capital Punishment Statistics, 2008). Works Cited Capital Punishment Statistics, (2008). U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved from http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=1757.html Death Penalty, (n.d.). Death Penalty Information Centre. Retrieved from http://www.spectacle.org/linkpgs/deathpenalty.html Fieser, J. (2001). Capital Punishment. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retried from http://www.iep.utm.edu/p/punishme.htm#H5. html

Managerial Analysis on Cute Cosmetics Ltd

1. Acknowledgement Apart from the efforts of us, the success of any project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the people who have been helpful to give us valuable information regarding this project so that it can be successful. We would like to show our greatest appreciation to honorable faculty Noor-E-Hasnin (NEH) Lecturer, North south University. We felt motivated and encouraged every time we attend her classes and effective class lectures.Without her encouragement and guidance this project would not have materialized. The guidance and support received from all our group members who contributed were vital for the success of the project. We are grateful to each other for the constant support and help 2. Introduction: We selected Cute Cosmetics for our project which is a private limited company and is a local company. Cute Cosmetics is a brand of Mousumi Industries that manufactures cosmetics and t oiletries and was incorporated in 1971. Since then Cute has been manufacturing cosmetics and providing service to the people of Bangladesh.It has become a very well reputed and now has captured a huge market not only in Bangladesh but also outside the country. But cute is not manufacturing consumer products alone in the industry. It has many competitors in the market who are fighting to become the market leader and to grasp the majority of the market share. The key competitors are Kohinoor, Marico and Lever Brothers. Even though the company was established long ago but it is facing tremendous competition and some of the competitors have already beat them in some of the consumer products.The company has many product lines that manufacture different types of products and are providing service not only nationwide but also to the foreign countries as it has been exporting some of the products outside the country. Cute has its own brand image in the market and is one of the pioneers in t he industry. Cute Cosmetics has its own strength and weakness as well as external opportunity and threats because of the market influence. We also have discussed the requirements for having a private limited company and the advantages and the disadvantages of the formation of the company which are compared with those iscussed in the book. The report shows an overall view of the company’s position in the market as well as the loopholes that it has in itself. 3. Literature Review: a) Company Information: Mousumi Industries Ltd. was founded in 1971. From 1974, still then a proprietorship industry, the operation of the business was intensified and in 1984 Mousumi's factory building was constructed at Cutepalli, Kanchpur, Sonargong, Narayangonj with sophisticated modern machinery. The cosmetics ; toiletries of the company are manufactured under two brands, namely â€Å"Cute† ; â€Å"Laboni†.Soon after Cute ; Laboni cosmetics were marketed, the brand became very popul ar in the whole country; it was the market leader. Mousumi Industries Ltd. was formed into a private limited company in 1982. Since then Mousumi has come a long way and its famous cosmetic brand, Cute, has earned the highest consumer satisfaction. In 1990, the company ventured into exporting. The first export was to Oman. This was a great milestone for Mousumi Industries Ltd. as well as for Bangladesh. This meant that even Bangladesh was producing quality cosmetics to attract foreign market.This has been possible because Mousumi has installed very modern machinery and ensured highest quality products with technical co-operation of the qualified chemists of the company and experts of the renowned foreign cosmetics products developers. Mousumi now exports to India, Oman, UAE and many other foreign Countries. b) Mission and vision statement: Mission- We will always try to explore beyond the boundaries of possibilities. Consumer needs alone will be our guiding philosophy in manufacturin g and marketing of products that beautify people and satisfy their souls.Vision- We have a vision to attain our mission of assuming the above duty and responsibility. We envisage a more beautiful tomorrow for the country, for the region and for the whole world. c) Organizational Hierarchy: HR/Admin * Recruitment * Policy Implementation * Attendance * Upkeepment * Logistics * Legal * Commercial Operation Purchase/Procurement * Quotation approval * Price/Term Analysis * Co-Ordination Inventory ; Production * Purchase Chairman ; Managing Director Director Director Organizational Hierarchy (Functional)Sales * Placement * Revenue Marketing * Packaging * Branding * Promotion * Networking * Market Survey Inventory Control * Dispatch * Logistic Arrangement * MIS * Delivery Cost analysis Production * Co-ordination with Inventory Purchase * Quality control * Order execution * New Product Development (R;D) Accounts * General Accounts * Costing(Purchase; Production) * Profitability Variance * P reparation of MIS 4. How the business was formed: a) Agreement- FORMATION I. The name of the Company is Cute Cosmetics Limited. II.People incorporated the company are- Chairman, Kazi Mahtab Uddin Ahmed and Founder Managing Director Late Kazi Ashraf Uddin Ahmed, Directors Kazi Moin Uddin Ahmed and Kazi Rajib Uddin Ahmed. III. The Registered Office of the Company will be in Dhaka, Mousumi Industries Limited 151, Bangshal Road, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh Phone: 7319608, 7311238, 7318996 Fax: 880-2-7318458 IV.The objectives for which the company is established are all or any of the following provided that permission/approval/license from the Government or its appropriate agency and the concerned local government authority shall be obtained wherever it is so required by law, rules or regulations: V. The liability of the members is limited. VI. Life time is perpetual. V. The authorized share capital of the company is Tk. 0,00,00,000 (Taka Ten Crores) divided into Ordinary and preferential sh ares. There shall be a total of 10,000 (Ten thousand ) shares each of Taka 10,000 (Taka Ten thousand only) with the power to increase or reduce the capital, to divide the shares in capital for the time being into several classes and to attach hereto respectively such preferential, deferred, qualified or special rights, privileges or conditions as may be determined by or in accordance ith the regulations of the company and to vary, modify or abrogate any such rights, privileges or conditions in such manner as may for the time being be provided by the Articles of the company and consolidate, sub-divide the shares and issue shares of higher or lower denomination. ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION OF CUTE COSMETICS LIMITED The Company is a Private Limited Company within the meaning of section 2(1) under clause (Q) of the companies Act,1994 and accordingly the following shall apply:- a.No invitation shall be issued to the public to subscribe for any share, debenture of the company; b. The number o f members of the Company (exclusive of the persons in the employment of the company) shall be limited to fifty; and c. The right to transfer shares of the company is restricted in the manner and to the extent hereinafter provided. SHARE CAPITAL The Authorized Share Capital of the Company is Tk. 10,00,00,000 /- (Ten Crore) divided into 10,00,000 (Ten Lac) Ordinary Shares of Tk. 100/- each with power to increase or reduce the same value of its shares.Subject to the provisions of the Articles, the share shall be under the control of the directors who may allot or otherwise dispose of the same. COMMENCEMENT OF BUSINESS The business of the Company shall be commenced from the date of incorporation of the company. TRANSFER AND TRANSMISSION OF SHARES No transfer of any share shall be made or registered without the approval of the Board of Directors. No share shall be transferred to any outsiders as long as any existing member is willing to purchase the same at a fair value to be determined by the Directors in a Board Meeting.In the case of death of a member, the survivor where the deceased was a joint holder, and the legal personal representative of the deceased where he was a sole holder, shall be the only persons recognized by the company as having any title to his interest in the shares. GENERAL MEETING The general meeting of the company shall be held within eighteen months from the date of incorporation of the company and thereafter once in every calendar year (not being more than fifteen months after holding of the last preceding general meeting) at such time and place as may be decided by the Directors of the company.APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL OF A DIRECTOR The company may appoint or remove a Director from the company in its Annual General Meeting. VOTE OF MEMBERS No member shall be entitled to vote unless all installments or calls or other sum or sums presently payable by him, in respect of his holding of shares in the company has been paid. DIRECTORS Until otherw ise determined in the general meeting the number of Directors of the company shall not be less than TWO and not more than TEN. POWER OF DIRECTORSWithout prejudice to the general powers conferred by the last preceding Article and the other powers conferred by these presents, it is hereby expressly declared that the Directors shall have the following powers- 1. To pay the costs, charges and expenses preliminary and incidental to the promotion, formation, establishment and registration of the Company. 2. To purchase or otherwise acquire for the Company any property, rights or privileges that the Company is authorized to acquire at such price and generally on such terms and conditions, as they think fit. 3.To pay for any property, rights, and privileges acquired by the company in cash or in shares of the Company and any such shares may be issued either as fully paid up or with such amount credited as paid up thereon as may be agreed upon. 4. To secure the fulfillment of any contract or engagements entered into by the Company by mortgage or charge on all or any of the property of the Company and its unpaid capital for the time being or in such other manner as they may think fit. 5. To accept from any member, on such terms and conditions as shall be agreed but subject to the provisions of the act, as surrender of his share or any part thereof. . To deal with any of the moneys of the Company not immediately required for the company's purpose in or upon such investments or securities (not being shares in this company) and in such manner as they may think fit, and from time to time to vary or realize such investments. They can also provide the employees with rewards and benefits as well as they can contribute establishment of schools, recreation centers and hospitals which will, the opinion of the Directors, tend to increase the reputation of the company among its employees and the public.WINDING UP If the company shall be wound up, the surplus assets shall (subject to any rights attached to special class of shares forming part of the share capital for the time being of the company) be applied first in the payment of the capital paid up on the ordinary shares and the excess (if any) shall be distributed among the members holding ordinary share in proportion of the member of ordinary shares held by them respectively at the commencement of the winding up.Almost all the required information of the company, according to the book that we have studied, are provided in the Article of Association of Cute Cosmetics but it fails to address certain issues that are required in the Article of Association of the company. The information that are not provided in the Articles of Association of Cute Cosmetics are- – The address of the persons responsible for the corporation’s legal service – The addresses of the first directors of the company – No other public information is provided in the article of association. It lacks the details of the duties and responsibilities of the officers and the length of their service. – There is no information regarding the issuance of the company’s stocks. – It lacks the matters regarding employment contracts. b) Advantages and disadvantages of the business: Advantages- * Seasonal Demand- Cute has more sales during winter due to high demand of moisturizers caused by the dry weather. * Environment – environment needed to produce cosmetic products is very favorable in Bangladesh as we hardly ever face extreme weather conditions. Demand – Though the upper class society stick to foreign cosmetic products still the demand for our products is constant as Cutes’ product is popular among rest of the societies and also the rural areas, giving the company a wide market. * Labor – Cheap labor is abundant in supply in our country giving Cute the advantage to lower its cost of production thus keeping the price of its product low compared to oth er company’s products. * Limited liability- Owners of the business are responsible for the losses only up to the amount they have invested in it. Perpetual life- Death of one or more owners does not terminate the corporation The advantages of a corporation, according to the book that we have studied, are described above but it does not address some of the advantages mentioned in the book. The advantages those are not included in Cute Cosmetics are- Ability to raise more money for investment- Cute Cosmetics is not enlisted in the Stock Exchange as it is a private limited company that is why it cannot raise more capital. Size- Size of the company does not play any role as they can’t raise more capital and they also lack resources that could rovide them competitive advantage over their competitors. Ease of ownership change- They lack the flexibility of transfer of shares as it is a complex process. Ease of attracting talented employees- they do not offer any stock options to their employees and this is why they cannot attract many talented employees. Separation of ownership from management- As the company is a private limited company their management is not separated from the ownership so both the management and owners get to interfere in the decision making process. Disadvantages- Raw Materials- As quality raw materials are not available in our country Cute is highly dependent on import * Double Taxation-Along with the corporation taxes, which are already very high, Cute also has to pay the taxes on imports. * Foreign Company Dumping- The dumping of foreign companies heavily affects the sales of Cutes’ products and is a threat in the long run. * Dissatisfied Labor-All throughout the production process, the labors are given the least priority resulting in dissatisfaction among them. * Utility Crisis- There is always an acute crisis of utility.For electricity, to meet the demands, now the company is dependent on private electricity suppliers f or which Cute has to pay four folds than regular price. * Political Issues- Due to the continuous political unrest, production processes slow down which affect the company very dearly. * Initial cost- To start up a new corporation it costs a lot as an initial investment. The disadvantages of a corporation, according to the book that we have studied, are described above but it does not address some of the disadvantages mentioned in the book.The disadvantages those are not included in Cute Cosmetics are- Size- In this case size does not count as a disadvantage as they can adapt to any changes occurred in the market. Difficulty of termination- There is difficulty of termination but aspects regarding these difficulties are not addressed properly. Possible conflict with stockholders and board of directors- The ownership of the company is limited amongst the directors and management so it is least likely that any conflict shall arise. 5. Products of Cute Cosmetics:Shaving Gear: Baby Care Products: Cute After Shave Skin Conditioner Cute Baby Lotion Cute After Shaving Lotion Cute Baby Oil Cute Shaving Brush Cute Baby Shampoo Cute Shaving Cream Cute Baby Powder Cute Solzar Cute Baby Moisturizing Pure Cream SoapWinter Products: Hair Care Products: Cute Cold Cream Cute Amla Hair Oil Cute 27 Cream Cute Coconut Hair Oil Cute Krack Cream Cute Shampoo Cute Glycerin Cute Anti Dandruff Shampoo Cute Pure Petroleum Jelly Herbal Hair Tonic International Vanishing Cream Cute International Cold Cream Cute Petroleum Jelly Cute Lip gel Cute PomadeSkin Care: Oral Care Products: Cute Cleansing Milk Cute Smokers Tooth Paste Cute Sun Shade Cute Gel Tooth Paste Cute Beauty Milk Cute Fluoride Tooth Paste Fragrances: Body Talc: Cute First Lady Cute French Perfumed Talc Cute Brutal (for men) Cute International Talc Cute Classic Cute 27 Cute Romance Cute Baby Powder Cute FantasyCute Romance Talcum Powder Cute Chandan Attar Cute Flower Talc Cute Basra-e-Golap Attar Laboni Powder Cu te Attar Cute France & prickly hit Powder 6. Industry Analysis: a) Major Competitors: The key competitors of Cute Cosmetics are Marico, Kohinoor and Lever Brothers Bangladesh. A brief discussion on them is given below- Kohinoor: Kohinoor Chemical Company Limited Bangladesh (KCCL) was established in 1956. It is a public limited company listed with both the bourses of Bangladesh, Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE). Most of the products of KCCL are known by legendary brand name Tibet. The other brands that KCCL has are Sandalina, Genstar, Bactrol, Ice-Cool, Fair & Care, Xpert, Heel Guard, and Clean Master which are equally famous in Bangladesh.To strengthen the marketing of KCCL, their management has rearranged the distribution system and revamped the Research and Development department of KCCL that will deliver quality product in Bangladesh also regional and overseas countries. KCCL has not only emerged into a potent industrial entity but also represents th e brand of mass people. Marico- Marico Bangladesh Limited (MBL) was incorporated in September 6, in 1999. The company is listed in both the stock exchange of Bangladesh, Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE). Their factory is situated in Mouchak, Kaliakoir, Gazipur. Their key products are Parachute, Saffola, Hair Code Hair Dye, Kaya Skin Clinic, New Aromatic Gold, Camelia Beauty Soap. MBL’s Products in Pure Coconut oil, Edible Oil, Hair care and Skin Care reach out to more than 500,000 outlets in Bangladesh.MBL touches the lives of 1 out of every 3 Bangladeshi through its portfolio of brands such as Parachute, Saffola, Hair Code, Aromatic, Camelia and Beliphool to name a few, most of which enjoy leadership positions (No. 1 in coconut oil segment), with significant market shares in respective categories. They believe in transforming the lives of our stakeholders be it our consumers, members, associates or shareholders, by helping them maximize their tr ue potential. This truly articulates the Mariconian spirit to ‘be more. every day’. Lever Brothers Bangladesh- Unilever started its onshore operations in Bangladesh in 1964 when its soap factory was set up at Chittagong.Unilever Bangladesh is market leader in 7 of the 8 categories it operates in, with 16 brands spanning across Home and Personal Care and Foods. Their operation provides employment to over 10,000 people directly and indirectly through its dedicated suppliers, distributors and service providers. 99. 8% of Unilever Bangladesh employees are locals and they also have a large number of Company employees working abroad in other Unilever companies as expatriates. The renowned products of Lever Brothers Bangladesh are- Pepsodent, Knorr, Wheel, Power White, Vaseline, Lux, Pureit, Fair & Lovely, Close up , Dove, Surf Excel, Sunsilk, Pond’s, Vim, Rexona, Lifebuoy, Taaza, Clear etc.Lever Brothers is also very well reputed brand name in our country and they have a mass coverage among the people with their products. b) SWOT analysis: Strength and weakness are internal factors caused by the company itself whereas the opportunity and threats are external factors caused by the market and competitors. Strength- * They have very modern machinery and ensured highest quality products with technical co-operation of the qualified chemists of the company and experts of the renowned foreign cosmetics products developers. * It has become a well known brand for the people of our country. * It mainly focuses on the lower income level people who can afford to buy the products and majority of the people of Bangladesh are lower income level people. It can afford cheap labor and can manufacture products at a very low cost. Weakness- * For raw materials they are dependent on the USA and European countries * As they have to import raw materials they have pay huge amount of tax on the imported goods therein increasing the overall tax liability of the company. * Impact of labor unions and strikes called by labors. Opportunity- * As it is a well known brand and has a market demand it can introduce new product lines and the people will embrace them. * They also export their products and are renowned internationally so they can introduce new products in foreign countries and the people will also embrace their products. If they can get more advanced machineries, they will be able to manufacture variety of products and gain a competitive advantage. Threats- * They have many competitors who have also become well reputed and have captured a great market share. * The similar products that are being produced by the competitors make consumers compare among available alternatives and they tend to choose the one with lower price. * If any new entrants come into the market with more advanced technology then they will get a competitive advantage over Cute Cosmetics. * The political unrest all over the country is a great threat for the company. * A great threat for Cute Cosmetics is dumping of the goods by the foreign companies to grasp the local market. 7. Conclusion:Cute Cosmetics has been established for a very long time, in fact the idea of manufacturing cosmetic locally was introduced by them. By providing a wide array of products to the mass people they have become one of the pioneers of their line of service. The competitors now have gained a great market share by their different types of product and services and Cute is facing a huge competition against them. Even though Cute has many advantages such as being one of the oldest companies being formed still they have to face uncertainties in case of being the market leader. Even though the disadvantages are negligible still they have certain impacts on the overall performance of the company.The information that we have collected about Cute Cosmetics has lacking regarding the promotional campaign and activities which hinder their growth. Also the threats that we have detected can have a negative impact over the company. We suggest that Cute should now focus more on the promotional activities so that they can grasp majority of the market. They should ensure more resources as well as more technologically sound machineries that will help them build competitive advantage. Despite the drawbacks they have maintained their reputation and standards and survived for a very long time in the ever changing market which is quite impressive. However to become the market leader they need to bring in some changes which will ensure their leadership in the market for long run.